Does HPV infection have impact on results of photodynamic treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus?

Background: The association between lichen sclerosus (LS) and human papilloma virus (HPV) infections remains unclear. The co-occurrence of both pathologies may impact treatment and prognosis. This study aimed to assess the results of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for vulvar LS and the effect of incidence of HPV infection on the results of treatment and duration of remission. Methods: A total of 73 patients with LS were included in the study. In each patient, 14 types of HPV were detected. PDT was performed using the PhotoDyn 501, which emits light at 630 nm wavelength and power density of 204 mW/cm². Focal lesions were exposed for 10 min once weekly for a total of 10 weeks. The complete treatment cycle was repeated after 3 months, whenever required. The biopsy was repeated after completion of treatment. Results: The number of treatment cycles for HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients were not statistically different (cases after one or two PDT cycles). An exception was a group of patients with LS requiring three PDT cycles. Analysis of remission period considering HPV results (positive vs. negative) did not reveal a significant statistical difference. Mean remission period among HPV-negative patients was longer in comparison to remission time for those with positive HPV results (14 ± 9 vs. 11 ± 9 months). Conclusions: PDT may be a promising, effective, and safe method for the treatment of LS regardless of HPV infection.